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New post, because I can't keep just editing stuff...
You have an enterprise class switch that can act as a switch in the traditional sense, and (technically) a router. To define a VLAN is to carve out a section of ports to act as a virtual switch. In a VLAN, the ports can all talk among themselves, but need a router to talk to ports on other VLANS. Your switch should be able to provide that function, (routing or Layer 3 gatewaying).
Each VLAN needs its own IP range. You are probably used to dealing with IO addresses like 192.168.1.10, or similar. The gateway address is the .1, and the broadcast is the .255.
In an enterprise switch, also called a "Layer 3 switch," you can assign an IP range to each VLAN. Commonly, you number the VLAN ID and the third octet of the IP address as
VLAN 2 is 192.168.2.0/24
VLAN 3 is 192.168.3.0/24
etc
Usually the gateway address, the switch's address in this case, is the .1 address. Everything on each VLAN needs to use an address in the same range (e.g., 192.168.3.x on VLAN 3) and use the VLANs gateway address on the switch 192.168.3.1 as the default gateway.
Finally your switch needs a VLAN to talk to your ISP modem. That address on the modem is usually 192.168.1.0/24, with the modem address being the .1 and your switch address being .2 or higher. For your switch, you'd set up the VLAN 1 as 192.168.1.2/24, and have it use 192.168.1.1 as its own default gateway. Finally you'd need to tell your modem to send 192.168.0.0/16 to 192.168.1.2 on its LAN port¹.
That's what I've got for you for now. Still happy to answer questions
¹ consult your ISP modem manual for advanced routing options
Edit: significant typos.