Linux

I wrote a few articles on my blog for people in your situation, who are mostly only familiar with Windows and/or Mac and want to learn Linux more in depth.

"Advice for people who want to learn linux" -- This article is kind of an overview of the Linux learning process. The point of this article is to teach you what it is you need to learn about so that you set your own curriculum. Once you understand what a few of the basic things are, you can look up your own tutorials on how to learn each thing.

"How to pick a Linux distro" -- This article is for people who are overwhelmed by the number of choices for Linux distro. The bottom line is: don't over-think it, just pick a mainstream distro like Mint, Ubuntu, or Fedora. There is like a 99.99% chance that each of these will just work as soon as you install it, no weird issues with audio, graphics, WiFi, BlueTooth, security updates, or anything else. Also, a lot of the "choices" you see among all those distros are only skin deep -- differences in the default theming (i.e. the default "desktop environment", a concept explained in the "advice" article above). But really they are all using the same basic software packages so there very little substantive difference between any of them except in their app stores, and the mechanism they each use install software.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me here. I can clarify here, and also update my blog posts if you think anything is confusing.

For cli stuff I really like the tldr program (Site. It will give you a list of common use cases for a given program.

I am longtime Linux user ( but I don't consider myself an expert ).

Here are some considerations and knowledge bits I have accumulated:

• If you're using terminal - especially when you copy commands from internet try to look up command and flags you're about to execute. Be VERY thoughtful when running any command with recursive flag ( usually -r or -R, depends on the command ). There are multiple commands, when misused without understanding, can ruin the system. For example running rm -rf <directory> ( deletes all files and directories that are in <directory> ) and providing incorrect directory, like OS root directory, can ruin everything. There are many stories how Linux beginners brick their OS ( it's almost like rite of passage ). While it's not strictly required to use Linux, I strongly suggest to try to learn the terminal commands, but be mindful of what you execute. Few other commands to respect: mv - moves files/directories, chmod - changes directory/file permissions, chown - changes directory/file owner.
• If you put sudo in front of the command, it means it will be executed as an administrator, giving that command additional power. It's required in many cases, but when paired with point above, it can potentially do more damage.
• In some cases you may be required to use vi or vim to edit files, learn the commands to write, exit the application ( :q to quit ). There are many memes about Linux beginners trying to exit vi/vim
• If anyone suggests to give file 777 permissions, like sudo chmod 777 somefile.sh ( which means, every OS user can do everything with specific file ), usually it's quick and hacky workaround. While not in every case possible, you should always strive to find least permissions needed whenever possible
• In most Linux distributions, there is pre-installed terminal application Zenity ( can check with zenity --version ). It allows you to make simple window applications without programming, and gives ability to pass input information to other commands. Personally I use it to quickly store bookmarks I find. With keyboard hotkey I show zenity window with 2 text inputs ( url, title), and input texts are stored in database. Can read about Zenity here: https://help.gnome.org/users/zenity/stable/. There are color pickers, calendars, tables and so on. For super-simple example, following line will create simple info window with 4 buttons ( 1 default for info window, and 3 extra buttons )

zenity --info --extra-button=TEXT --extra-button=TEXT2 --extra-button=TEXT3 --width 50 --height 50

• As other people have mentioned, you can always run man cp ( or cp --help ) where cp ir command you would like to learn more about, see all flags and required arguments ( in this case cp is command for copying files and directories )
• Some useful commands
  • find - well... finds files/directories ( example find -name ~/Desktop "*.txt" , finds all files with txt extension on desktop )
  • grep - find text in files
  • tail - show last lines of long file ( mainly used for log files )
  • head - show first lines
  • wget - allows you to download files when provided with URL
  • curl - make HTTP requests to sites, retrieve HTTP responses
  • watch - repeat command with time intervals ( example watch -n 1 ls -la ~/Desktop, will list Desktop files repeatedly with 1 second interval. watch command can be useful when you want to watch for some changes in file lists, file contents and many other cases
• QDirStat - Very cool application, I use it regularly ( https://github.com/shundhammer/qdirstat ). When provided with directory, after it's done analyzing, it will show chart of what files takes up the space and if you wish can locate/delete them from the application window ( bigger rectangle means bigger file ). Super-useful when trying to understand what takes up the storage.

If you want something useful, maybe some more info on what you use your computer for? Advice for a glorified web terminal would be "Click the Firefox icon". Advice for learning bash would be a massive rabbithole.

App suggestions are also very dependent on what you use your computer for.

Taken from 'Don't Break Debian'

Take notes

It's easy to forget the steps you took to do something on your computer, especially several months later when you're trying to upgrade. Sometimes when you try several different ways of solving a problem, it's easy to forget which method was successful the next day!

It's a very good idea to take notes about the software you've installed and configuration changes you've made. When editing configuration files, it's also a very good idea to include comments in the file explaining the reason for the changes and the date they were made.

Taking good notes will save your as so many times. Good notes are as important as good backups.

https://wiki.debian.org/DontBreakDebian#Take_notes

To get some more Linux good vibes watch and listen to the BDFL /j

• https://youtube.com/watch?v=k0RYQVkQmWU Revolution OS (documentary about GNU/Linux) (Multilingual) (HQ)

Maybe check out this thread: https://lemdro.id/post/8480193

I also recommend subscribing to The Linux Experiment, LearnLinuxTV and DistroTube on YouTube. Mental Outlaw also has some good Linux videos. You can also check out The Linux Cast. Chris Titus Tech also has some Linux videos, but you have to go a few years back for beginner-friendly guides. Zaney also makes great Linux videos, but it's mostly advanced stuff.

learn how to use the command line. spend a week or so getting used to doing file operations like moving, copying, extracting, etc on the CLI to get a feel for it.

I switched to Linux in October of last year and found “The Linux Experiment” to be really helpful in keeping up-to-date with things happening in the community without feeling overwhelmed

I doubt there are general tips and tricks given the vast nature of the Linux ecosystem.

Perhaps you should phrase your questions as "How do I do X?" to get more specific help.

You don't have to, but if you do stuff on terminal and copy and paste the directory paths from terminal to various GUI apps, that'd be the most productive use of Linux imho.

Also cli programs are way more stable than gui apps. UX additionally improves with zsh to the level where most FOSS GUI apps can't match (because they usually lack a UX team).

As someone else mentioned, learn the Bash shell (Bourne Again Shell; I just said the equivalent of Automated Teller Machine Machine).