This but unironically, double checking prevents errors and you make more mental connections when you look things up.
unperson
joined 4 years ago
There are dirt-cheap cards (10 USD) that just wire a PCIe x16 connector into 4 M.2 PCIe x4 sockets. They only work if the firmware of the motherboard lets you split the x16 into four slots, and the CPU supports that many lanes.
It's complicated, ASUS has a huge table that you have to cross-reference with the CPU you have installed and figure out what will work.
The only other option I think could make sense is a thunderbolt adapter like https://www.owc.com/solutions/express-4m2. If you're making a NAS then I really don't see the point of PCIe storage.
You can't do an archive with a single disk. The cheapest way to archive is to buy a SAS2008 card (less than 100 USD with the SAS to SATA adapter), flash it to "IT" pass-through mode, and do a pairwise RAID1, btrfs, zfs, minio, or whatever on top of your 8 SATA ports.
Even with rotating disks performance is adequate because you've got 8 of them.
The true captcha is tricking the robot to believe you that the blurry red spot is a red light, that a bicycle is a motorcycle, that the typewriter is a computer.
You want clean data for your nightmare AI? Pay me. Lying to captchas is praxis.
oathtool --totp --base32 WHAT'S-IN-THE-QR
Done, automated 
It's not just cooling but also battery draw.
You could buy a 2 kg laptop with a 45 W CPU, but then it'd barely be portable and after a few years the battery will last half an hour, what's the point.
What you want to know is called the thermal design power: TDP, and you can look up the data sheet for the CPU in the laptop to know what it is. 15-22 W is typical, 30-45 W what you find in "workstation" laptops and small desktops, 60-120 W in desktops.
Please don't create electronic and battery waste if you know someone who can take a look.
It's not dangerous if you know what you're doing.
It's likely you can at least reclaim the batteries and use them as spares later.
Spoken like a gringo who lives in a country that actually hosted former nazis and put them in positions of power.
This is 
erasure
You can't go wrong with rutracker.
https://rutracker.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=6391420
You can either get the torrent or download the official image form the website and apply the perl patch at the end of the post.
The big problem with disabling µTP is that because it uses UDP, under some kinds of NAT you can get incoming connections despite being NATted. So you will loose some peers if you're behind a NAT. If you're not NATted there's no connectability advantage, because every client that implements µTP can fall back to TCP.
The big advantage to disabling it that you can tweak these things. I don't know of any client that lets you choose which congestion control algorithm that µTP uses. They all use one called LEDBAT that's one of the first attempts to design one that avoids "bufferbloat", i.e. that problem where the torrents fill up the buffers in routers and "clog up the Internet". That's nice however it doesn't work well with networks with a lot of jitter like wi-fi, and it "loses" to algorithms that do fill up the buffer like the default TCP CUBIC. BBR avoids bufferbloat and is designed to keep working well with high jitter—Google's intention was to make YouTube load faster on mobile phones. It also it wins over CUBIC, which is why almost every seedbox comes configured with no µTP and BBR congestion control. However, because it wins over CUBIC it will "clog up the Internet" in a different way: you may get lower speeds on everything else but don't lose interactivity.
Linux comes with a different version of BBR that's tuned to always yield to other traffic called lp. You enable it with net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = lp. I think lp is the optimal choice for seeding public torrents: you give full speed to faraway peers, but only when there's nobody else that can do it.
yewtube gives you 720p H.264, which your laptop almost certainly can decode in hardware.
YouTube gives you higher resolution VP9, which your laptop probably needs to decode with the CPU.
Install the h264ify extension to force youtube to give you H.264. You'll be limited to 1080p.